Eighths to john v



N0. M1753. Patented Ian. I7, I899.

L. LE Pom'ms FLUID PRESSURE GENERATOR.

(Application filed Dec. 5, 1895. Renewed Jam 24, 1898.) I [No Model.) 2 Sh'eets-Sheet l.

I V 1% A ma 1 M No. M1753. Patented Ian. 17, I899. L. LE PUNTUIS.

FLUID PRESSURE GENERATOR.

(Application filed Dec. 5, 1895. Renewed Jan. 24, 189B.)

2 Sheets-$haet 2.

(No Model.)

ATTORNEY.

' WITNESSES:

UNITED STATE PATENT. Omcs- LEON .LE- Poms; en magma, tmmvim; lemon -or mm. EIGHTHS'TO JOHN v. rarroxann WILLIAM s; HAUGH, or SAME PLACE."

' citizen of the Republic of France, residing'in of fresh air and a s'ufiicient quantity of oil-' products of the preceding explosion therein the adjacent chamber. It isappare'nt that.

.to a'movable a cut, theefliciency of the ma- Y Jamie-eases Uj-R fe; m mos; v

amends emaimeat as mmaemnael7', .jpplicationfllod MIME 1895i *lc' iuiudl'uua'ry 24, 189B- Bfllll I0- BG'LBIB. (lo model.) v

To ull'iohom it mcy'concem: v Be-"it known that I, Laos La Ponrors, a

Pittsbu in the county of Allegheny and State of' enn's'ylv'ania, have invented anew and useful Improvement iu'Fluid-Pressure Generators, of which the following is a specification; My invention relates to apparatus for producing fluid-pressure by the explosion of a mixture of hydrocarbon vapor and air or other explosive gaseous mixture; and ithas for its object to provide an apparatus of this character which shall be extremely simple and durable in construction andeflicient in operation. In order to attain the desired results, I employ a plurality of pressure-generating chambers, preferably two, of constant capacity, which actupon' each other in such manner that an explosion in either of them exhausts from the other the inert residual and efiects the introduction into it of a body vapor or gas to form the proper mixture for anew explosion, whichjwill then occur and eiiect the same results in connection with the emciency of apparatus of this general character as usually constructed is com para-- tively low on account of the fact that the piston velocity is so small that the hot air cannot expand freely and do mechanical work by, following an vadiabati'c'curve. The piston velocity'is limited on account of mechanical considerations and the necessary cooling of the cylinder absorbs much of theheatenergy.

By dispensing with all moving parts in the pressure generating chambers and causing the explosive mixture to act directly in an airinje'ctor, so as to set alar e'volume'of air in motion, which transmits't e energy received,

chine is greatly increased; Owing to'the large number of explosions which can take place in each'chamber per'minute the heat losse' due to convection orradiati'on may 'also'be materially smaller than in any ordinary gasengine.

In the accompanying drawingsI have illustrated ap aratus constructed in accordance- Figure 1' is a vertical section takenou line :tm'ot Fig. 2, and Fig. 2 is a horizontalsection taken on line yy of Fig. 1; Fig; tie 'a detail sectional view, on an-enIarged'scaleQot thevalve mechanism for introducin oil into the pressure-generating chambers. ig. '4 is 'a view, partially in side elevation and partially in section,fillu'strating the adaptation 6o 01 my invention to boat propulsion: Fig. 5 is a similar view illustrating my invention as utilized for the production ofrotary motion for general power purposes Reference being now had to the details of the invention asshown in the drawings, 1 is the main body or casin' 'ot the apparatus, divided into two co'm'pa ments or chambers 2., located side by side and ach. having an-exi haust port or outlet 3; These exhaust-ports 7o are communicatin and, as shown in the drawings, combine to orm a single outlet port or nozzle 4. The partition 5, separating the two chambers 2, is preferably made hollow,'and a burner 6 is located in the chamber 7 thus formed and serves to raise the temperature of the edge of the partition to a red heat, so as to ignite the explosive mix'tu re. Theheatproducing agent may, however, be applied to the outer sides of the chambers near the exhaust-ports, if desired. T I

' The bottom of each chamber is provided with a thin steelplate 8, which is heated by a burner 9'in order to raise the temperature of the contents of thechamber to'such a de- 8 gree that theoil injected \into'it willybe rapidlyv'aporized. The form and relative arrangement of the parts'thus far described may obviously be materially varied from what is shown without'afliectingthe mode of op,- eration or impairing the eiiiciency of the apparatus- -for example, the chambers or their exhaust-ports may be placed concentrically, as in a steam-injector-bn't I regard the form and arrangement illustrated as particularly simple and such as will give good results in practice. r

I provide each chamber with'one or more -openings'10 for theadmission-of air, two being' shown .yinthe drawings. Each of these openings is provided with aninwardly-opening check-valve 11, normally held to it's seat by a coiled'sp'rin'g 12. I have shown the with my nventiomin which-' I ,valvee openinge as located at the top for each tom or inner end of which is in open communication with said chamber.

Its top or outer end is provided with an opening 14, which communicates with a pipe 15. The opening 14 is provided with an inwardly opening valve 16, normally held to its seat by a coiled --spring 17. Closely fitting the interior of the cylinder 13 is a hollow piston 18, normally retained in its innermost position at the bettom of the cylinder by a coiled spring 19. Inside the hollow piston 18 is a small piston 20, also normally held depressed by. a coiled spring 21 interposed between it and the upper end of the-piston 18.

Projecting into the chamber 2 from "the lower end of the piston 18 is a perforated tube 22, which communicates with the interior of the piston, when the latter is in its lowestpo- 'sition, by means of passages 23 and 24 in the bottom and sides of the piston and passages 25 in the side walls of thecylindor.

Extending upward through the side and top walls of the piston 18 from the passages 24 are passages 26, which communicatewith the upper end of the cylinder by means of an opening 27, provided with an inwardly-opening check-valve 28, normally held to its seat by a coiled spring 29.

- 31, which leads from an oil-tank 32 and is.

30 is a rod by means of which the piston 18 may be actuated in order to provide the pressure-generating chamber with the hydrocarbon vapor necessary for the initial explosion. The branch pipes 15 extend to asingle' pipe provided with a hand-valve 33.

The operation of the apparatus is as follows Assuming that the air contained inside the chambers has been heated to such a temperature that the oil injected into it will be readily vaporized and assuming also that the edge of the partition 5 is red-hot, so as to ignite an explosive mixture, one of the pistons 18 is raised by means of its rod 30 and the spring 19 thus compressed.

' tween passages 24 and 25 is thus cut off, and

at the same time valve 28 is forced from its seat and oil is forced from the upper portion of the cylinder through passages 25 and 24 into the chamber in piston 18 below piston 20, thus compressing spring 21. As the rod is released the piston 18 is depressed by the spring 19, and the action of spring 21 upon piston 20 will force a portion of the oil beneath it out through passages 24, 25, and 23 into the tube 22, from which it will be sprayed into the chamber and instantly vaporized, the supply being continued until the propermixture is produced. Part of themixture comes into contact with the red-hot edge of the partition, is ignited, and causes, the ignition of the whole of the mixture contained in the chamber.

- It will be observed that the explosion of ommunication be-,

that part of the mixture located near the exhaust-port exerts a certain pressure upon the non-ignited part, and thus serves to eflect a more intimate mixture of the air and oil-vapor. The explosive mixture is ignited mainly by convection, and consequently cannot leave the chamber without exploding. As the explosion takes lace it eifects a violent expulsion of air an as through the exhaust-port 3 and the nozz e 4, thus creating a partial vacuum in the adjacent chamber. Each explosion also exhausts the chamber in which it takes place to some extent. '1! an ex losion has previously taken place in the a iscent chamber and if it is partially filled by the products of the former explosion, these products are drawn out, and in any events partial vacuum is thus produced, by reason of which the check-valves are opened and fresh air admitted and the oil-feeding pistonvalve worked up and down, an explosion takes place, the products of the first explosion are drawn from the adjacent chamber, which is in turn filled with fresh air and subsequently with oil-vapor, after which the action becomes automatic,the two chambers controlling each other. It 1s thus apparent that these chambers will be 'alternately charged and exhausted and that the explosions will take place very rapidly. The time elapsing between consecutive explosions, and consequently the mean pressure exerted thereby, may be regulated by means of the valve 33,

since the time occupied by-the movement of the piston 18 depends upon the rapidity with which the upper portion of cylinder 13 is filled heating the edge of the partition being re- -tainedin orderto keep it at red heat, so as to ignite the mixture when the right proportions of vapor and air are reached.

It has been assumed in the foregoing de* scription that the inertia of the oil-feeding valves and the spring-pressure which returns them to their normal positions are equal, and

therefore that the-time lag between two'consecutive explosions is constant for a given opening of the speed-regulating valve. will be readily understood that if such conditions do not substantially obtain in practice the two valves maybe respectively connected to the opposite ends of a pivoted beam or otherwisecontrolled so as to act alternately.

Referring now to Fig. 4, 34 isa section of a boat provided with a longitudinal tube 35, pipe? at both ends and extending along its so into the side of the'tube 35 and provided with a reversing-valve 37, operated by a screw 38,

a pinion 39, gear-wheel 40, and hand-wheel 41, or by any other suitable means. Mounted upon supporting and guiding rods 42 so as to be adjusted longitudinally thereon are two 36.is a curved-pipe or passage leading tapered pipes or nozzles 43 and 44. These 6. Inaflnid-pressure generator, the com bipipes or nozzles are in, alinemeut with the nation with two pressure-generating chamnozzle 4 and the upper end of the pipe or pasbers of co'nstantcapacity provided with valves sage 36.. Any desired-number of these de-' for admitting air, of gas-supplying mechanto 5 vices may be employed in order to provide ism comprisingcylinders communicatingwith for-injecting a large volume of air at a low said chambers and'provided with compound velocity into the passage 36 to setthe column pistons. 4 of water in the tube in motion by suction 6. vGas-supplyingmeansforafinid-pressure and impact and thus eflfect the 'propulsiono'fgenerator comprising a cylinder open at one so the boat. end and provided with an inlet-valve at the The arrangement of apparatus shown inother, in combination with a hollow piston Fig. 5 is similar tothatshown in Fig. 4 except normally spring-pressed toward the open end that the column of air set in motion by the of the cylinder and provided with a valved engine acts against-the vanes 45 of an airopening and a second spring-actuated piston 8o :5 motor 46, the shaft 47 of which is provided located in said hollow piston.

with a belt-pulley 48. The object of this ar- 7. The combination with acylinder having 1 rangement is to avoid the condensation which. an inlet-valve at oneend, of'a hollow piston would take place if the product of the exploin said cylinder provided withapassage comsion were caused to act directly upon the municating with the cylinder at one end by so turbine. It is true that there is a certain demeans of a valved opening and permanently greeof condensation caused by setting the in open communication withitsinterior-and cool airin motion; but this condensing efiect witha passage'leading to the exterior of the .is relatively small, and as the air set in 'mocylinder when'the piston is at one extremity tion'has a large volume and a small velocity of its movement, and asecond piston located, so 25, the velocity of the turbine maybe much less in and movable independently of said firstthan that of the ordinary steam-turbine, and named piston. the conditions of maximum eflicienoy are 8. A fluid-pressure generator comprising therefore more nearly attainable. two pressure-generatingchambers of constant This fluid {pressure generator, in con'neecapacity having communicating exhaust- 3o tion with the compound air-injector, may also ports, means for supplying an explosivemixbe utilized for air-blasting machines'a'nd for time to said chambers alternately and means the ventilation of mines. for alternately exploding said mixture, in The adaptability of my invention to other eombinationwithon'e or more nozzles into and uses will be obvious without further iilustrathrough which said explosion-chambers exa 35 tion or description, the examples given being haust.

mly illustrative and not in any sense lim- 9. A fluid-pressure generator having two 'iti. pressure-generating chambers of constant cahat I claim is-'- pacity provided with adjacent, permanently n two pressure-generatingchambersof constant alternating explosions in said chambers.

"cgfiacity having adjacent communicating 10. The combination; with; two pressuree asst-ports and means for efl'ecting explogenerating chambers of. constant capacity I sions in said chambers alternately, whereby having adjacent communicating exhaust-- 1. A'fluid-pressure generator comprising open; exhaust-ports and means for efiecting r05- they alternately exhaust each other. ports and a single outlet-nozzle, of means for I re 5 2. Afluid-pressure generator provided with efiecting alternating explosions in said chama plurality of pressure-generating chambers bers, and one or more tapering injector pipes having adjacent exhaust-ports permanently or nozzles in line with said outlet-nozzle to in open communication therewith, in combiincrease the volume and diminish the velocity nation with means for producing dissimulof the iiuid'under pressure.

e taneous explqsionsin said chambers, whereby 11. The combination with a plurality of each explosion efiects, the exhaustion of an pressure-generating chambers of constantcaadjacent chamber. pacity, having adjacent communicating ex- 3. A fluid-pressure generator having two haust-ports' and a single outlet-nozzle, of pressure-generating chambers of constant cameans for eflecting explosions alternately in no pacity provided with communicatin'gexha'ustsaid chambers, a windwheel or turbine, and ports, in combination with means for introone or more injector pipes or nozzles interdueing an explosive mixture into said ohammediate said outlet-nozzle and-.. said-wind-' bers and means for efiecting the explosions wheel 'or turbine-.- alternately, whereby the chambers are alter- In testimony whereof I have hereunto sub- :95

I nately exhausted by suction. scribed my name this 30th day of November, 4. A iluid-pressure-geuerator comprising 1895. twopressure-generatin chambersofconstant E LE -s capacity provided "wit communicating exnet-ports, in combination with ign ting Witnesses:

means and alternately-actuated air and gas, HERMAN A. Smuss,

inlet valves. g BRABAZON Rurmmroonn'. 

